How secure is Windows Remote Desktop?

RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) is a tool developed by Microsoft, which uses a graphical interface connection between a remote Windows server on the internet or a local network. This server uses the Windows operating system. This connection gives the user admin access to the tools and software installed on the server. Windows 10 Fall Creator Update (1709) or later You can configure your PC for remote access with a few easy steps. On the device you want to connect to, select Start and then click the Settings icon on the left. Select the System group followed by the Remote Desktop item.

Remote Desktop sessions operate over an encrypted channel, preventing anyone from viewing your session by listening on the network. However, there is a vulnerability in the method used to encrypt sessions in earlier versions of RDP. This vulnerability can allow unauthorized access to your session using a man-in-the-middle attack.

Remote Desktop can be secured using SSL/TLS in Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 10 and Windows Server 2003/2008/2012/2016. *Some systems listed are no longer supported by Microsoft and therefore do not meet Campus security standards. If unsupported systems are still in use, a security exception is required.

While Remote Desktop is more secure than remote administration tools such as VNC that do not encrypt the entire session, any time Administrator access to a system is granted remotely there are risks. The following tips will help to secure Remote Desktop access to both desktops and servers that you support.

Basic Security Tips for Remote Desktop

1. Use strong passwords

Strong passwords on any accounts with access to Remote Desktop should be considered a required step before enabling Remote Desktop. Refer to the campus password complexity guidelines for tips.

2. Use Two-factor authentication

Departments should consider using a two-factor authentication approach. This topic is beyond the scope of this article, but RD Gateways can be configured to integrate with the Campus instance of DUO. Other unsupported by campus options available would be a simple mechanism for controlling authentication via two-factor certificate based smartcards. This approach utilizes the Remote Desktop host itself, in conjunction with YubiKey and RSA as examples.

3. Update your software

One advantage of using Remote Desktop rather than 3rd party remote admin tools is that components are updated automatically with the latest security fixes in the standard Microsoft patch cycle. Make sure you are running the latest versions of both the client and server software by enabling and auditing automatic Microsoft Updates. If you are using Remote Desktop clients on other platforms, make sure they are still supported and that you have the latest versions. Older versions may not support high encryption and may have other security flaws.

4. Restrict access using firewalls

Use firewalls (both software and hardware where available) to restrict access to remote desktop listening ports (default is TCP 3389). Using an RDP Gateway is highly recommended for restricting RDP access to desktops and servers (see discussion below). As an alternative to support off-campus connectivity, you can use the campus VPN software to get a campus IP address and add the campus VPN network address pool to your RDP firewall exception rule. Visit our page for more information on the campus VPN service.

5. Enable Network Level Authentication

Windows 10, Windows Server 2012 R2/2016/2019 also provide Network Level Authentication (NLA) by default. It is best to leave this in place, as NLA provides an extra level of authentication before a connection is established. You should only configure Remote Desktop servers to allow connections without NLA if you use Remote Desktop clients on other platforms that don't support it.

• NLA should be enabled by default onWindows 10, Windows Server 2012 R2/2016/2019.

• To check you may look at Group Policy setting Require user authentication for remote connections by using Network Level Authentication found at ComputerPoliciesWindows ComponentsRemote Desktop ServicesRemote Desktop Session HostSecurity. This Group Policy setting must be enabled on the server running the Remote Desktop Session Host role.

6. Limit users who can log in using Remote Desktop

By default, all Administrators can log in to Remote Desktop. If you have multiple Administrator accounts on your computer, you should limit remote access only to those accounts that need it. If Remote Desktop is not used for system administration, remove all administrative access via RDP, and only allow user accounts requiring RDP service. For Departments that manage many machines remotely remove the local Administrator account from RDP access at and add a technical group instead.

1. Click Start-->Programs-->Administrative Tools-->Local Security Policy

2. Under Local Policies-->User Rights Assignment, go to 'Allow logon through Terminal Services.' Or “Allow logon through Remote Desktop Services”

3. Remove the Administrators group and leave the Remote Desktop Users group.

4. Use the System control panel to add users to the Remote Desktop Users group.

A typical MS operating system will have the following setting by default as seen in the Local Security Policy:

The problem is that “Administrators” is here by default, and your “Local Admin” account is in administrators. Although a password convention to avoid identical local admin passwords on the local machine and tightly controlling access to these passwords or conventions is recommended, using a local admin account to work on a machine remotely does not properly log and identify the user using the system. It is best to override the local security policy with a Group Policy Setting.

To control access to the systems, even more, using “Restricted Groups” via Group Policy is also helpful.

If you use a “Restricted Group” setting to place your group, e.g., “CAMPUSLAW-TECHIES” into “Administrators” and “Remote Desktop Users,” your techies will still have administrative access remotely, but using the steps above, you have removed the problematic “local administrator account” having RDP access. Going forward, whenever new machines are added in the OU under the GPO, your settings will be correct.

7. Set an account lockout policy

By setting your computer to lock an account for a set number of incorrect guesses, you will help prevent hackers from using automated password guessing tools from gaining access to your system (this is known as a 'brute-force' attack). To set an account lockout policy:

1. Go to Start-->Programs--> Administrative Tools--> Local Security Policy
2. Under Account Policies--> Account Lockout Policies, set values for all three options. Three invalid attempts with 3-minute lockout durations are reasonable choices.

Best Practices for Additional Security

1. Do not allow direct RDP access to clients or servers from off campus.

Having RDP (port 3389) open to off campus networks is highly discouraged and is a known vector for many attacks. The options below list ways of improving security while still allowing RDP access to system.

Once an RDP gateway has been set up, hosts should be configured to only allow RDP connections from the Gateway host or campus subnets where needed.

2. Use RDP Gateways (Best Option)

Using an RDP Gateway is strongly recommended. It provides a way to tightly restrict access to Remote Desktop ports while supporting remote connections through a single 'Gateway' server. When using an RD Gateway server, all Remote Desktop services on your desktop and workstations should be restricted to only allow access only from the RD Gateway. The RD Gateway server listens for Remote Desktop requests over HTTPS (port 443) and connects the client to the Remote Desktop service on the target machine.

1. Utilize Campus RDP Gateway Service. This is the best option to allow RDP access to system categorized as UC P2 and lower. Includes DUO integration. RDP Gateway Service is provided by the Windows Team. Documentation is available here: https://berkeley.sharepoint.com/sites/calnetad/gateway.

   The RDP Gateway Service also supports the new Remote Access Services requirement of the draft MSSND update (requirement 8), which requires the use of an approved service (i.e., RDP gateway, dedicated gateway, or bSecure VPN) for access to the UC Berkeley network from the public Internet.

2. Dedicated Gateway Service (Managed). Needed for rdp access to systems that are UC P4 or higher. Must also be configured for DUO
   Some campus units use an IST managed VPS as an RD Gateway. A rough estimate might be that 30-100 concurrent users can use one RD Gateway. The HA at the virtual layer provides enough fault-tolerant and reliable access; however a slightly more sophisticated RD gateway implementation can be done with network load balancing.

3. Dedicated Gateway Service (Unmanaged). Installing and configuring RD Gateway on department run hardware.
   There are many online documents for configuring this embedded Windows 2016/2019 component. The official documentation is here: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/remote/remote-desktop-se..
   Installing the configuring, the role service is mostly as described; however, using a Calnet issued trusted Comodo certificate is recommended. Using a self-signed cert is ok for testing, and using a CalnetPKI cert can work if all clients have trusted the UCB root. The Comodo cert is usually better accepted so that your end users do not receive certificate warnings.
   Configuring your client to use your RD Gateway is simple.The official documentation for the MS Client is here: http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc770601.aspx

In essence, a simple change on the advanced tab of your RDP client is all that is necessary:

3. Change the listening port for Remote Desktop

Changing the listening port will help to 'hide' Remote Desktop from hackers who are scanning the network for computers listening on the default Remote Desktop port (TCP 3389). This offers effective protection against the latest RDP worms such, as Morto. To do this, edit the following registry key (WARNING: do not try this unless you are familiar with the Windows Registry and TCP/IP): HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMCurrentControlSetControlTerminal ServerWinStationsRDP-Tcp. Change the listening port from 3389 to something else and remember to update any firewall rules with the new port. Although this approach is helpful, it is security by obscurity, which is not the most reliable security approach. You should ensure that you are also using other methods to tighten down access as described in this article.

4. Tunnel Remote Desktop connections through IPSec or SSH

If using an RD Gateway is not feasible, you can add an extra layer of authentication and encryption by tunneling your Remote Desktop sessions through IPSec or SSH. IPSec is built-in to all Windows operating systems since Windows 2000, but use and management are greatly improved in Windows 10 (see: http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/network/bb531150). If an SSH server is available, you can use SSH tunneling for Remote Desktop connections.

5. Use existing management tools for RDP logging and configuration

Using other components like VNC or PCAnywhere is not recommended because they may not log in a fashion that is auditable or protected. With RDP, logins are audited to the local security log, and often to the domain controller auditing system. When monitoring local security logs, look for anomalies in RDP sessions such as login attempts from the local Administrator account. RDP also has the benefit of a central management approach via GPO as described above. Whenever possible, use GPOs or other Windows configuration management tools to ensure a consistent and secure RDP configuration across all your servers and desktops.

By enforcing the use of an RDP gateway, you also get a third level of auditing that is easier to read than combing through the domain controller logins and is separate from the target machine so it is not subject to tampering. This type of log can make it much easier to monitor how and when RDP is being used across all the devices in your environment.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

What is an RDP Client?

Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) is a connection protocol developed by Microsoft to provide users with a graphical interface while connected to another computer over a network connection. The connecting user must deploy an RDP client software, while the receiving computer must deploy RDP server software.

There are several RDP Clients for Windows 10, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2019, Windows Server 2016, and Windows Server 2012 R2. The available client apps for different clients are listed below:

The RDP servers are built into Windows operating systems and can be enabled through the Server Manager panel.

Microsoft Remote Desktop Assistant

You can download and install Microsoft Remote Desktop Assistant, and use it to enable Remote Desktop Services, hence allowing other devices to access your PC. Follow the steps mentioned below:

1. Download and install the Microsft Remote Desktop Assistant after accepting the terms and conditions.
2. Click Accept and a Welcome screen appear. Click Got it.
3. Click Get Started on the screen that appears next. It lists down all the changes that the tool will carry out on your computer including:

• Enabling remote connections to your PC.
• Keeping your PC awake, making it available for connections.
• Changing your Firewall rules to allow Remote Desktop connection.

4. Scan the QR code that appears on the screen next, save the connection as a file, or choose your option to proceed further to enable connection using Remote Desktop.

Your computer is now ready to be accessible from other devices. Install and use Microsoft Remote Desktop client on the device that you will use to connect to your PC.

How does Microsoft Client work?

For the RDP client to work, the receiving machine must have Remote Desktop connections enabled. There are 2 most common ways to enable the RDP connection:

Rdp Service Windows 10 64

1. Right-click on the Personal Computer icon on your desktop, click on Properties from the drop-down list, and then select Remote settings from the list on the left.

2. Navigate to your Start Menu and go to Windows Settings, click on the System icon, and from the list on the left select Remote Desktop and enable it.

Latest Windows RDP Client

Due to the Windows Virtual Desktop (WVD), Microsoft is working on patching some bugs that occurred from using their RDP Client to connect to WVD instances. Jetbrains pycharm student license. Two of the RDP Client (1.2.605 & 1.2.535) releases were mainly focused on fixing bugs instead of introducing new features.

The latest 1.2.1104 update of Windows RDP Client has the following changes:

• Support for Windows Virtual Desktop Spring 2020 update by updating the automatic discovery logic for the Subscribe option. Customers who have the Spring Update resources do not need to provide consent for the Fall 2019 release.
• The scale factor of high-DPI devices has been improved up to 400%.
• The issue where disconnect dialog did not appear has been resolved.
• The issue where the command tooltips appeared longer than expected has been fixed.
• The crash that occurred when trying to subscribe immediately after a refresh has been fixed.
• The crash that occurred when parsing date and time in some languages has been fixed.

An enhanced RDP Client

Parallels Client, is a completely free RDP Client. It leverages RDP technology, allowing users to instantly connect to either simple RDS infrastructures or Parallels RAS Farms.

It’s an intuitive RDP client that enables multi-tasking on applications and desktops. Multiple connection settings can be stored and utilized so users can keep workspaces docked under the same application window (or undock them to work in another window).

Moreover, features not supported by the Microsoft RDP Client—such as drag and drop, multiscreen support, zoom, client group policy and more—are implemented to provide a top-class user experience.

The mobile client enables all native gestures of iOS and Android, offering the best mobile experience on the market. Touch ID and passcode features are available to increase data security.

References

Remote Desktop Protocol | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_Desktop_Protocol

What’s new in the Windows Desktop client | https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/remote/remote-desktop-services/clients/windowsdesktop-whatsnew

Microsoft Remote Desktop Client | https://www.parallels.com/blogs/ras/microsoft-remote-desktop-client/

5 Best Remote Desktop Connection Managers | https://activedirectorypro.com/rdp-connection-manager/

Reinstall Rdp Service Windows 10

Get Microsoft Remote Desktop Client | https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/p/microsoft-remote-desktop/9wzdncrfj3ps